The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare brings the potential for managing neurodegenerative conditions, particularly mild cognitive disorders and mild dementia [1]. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) enhanced with AI capabilities are dignified to revolutionise early detection and intervention, which are crucial for these conditions.

Early Detection and Continuous Monitoring
One of the most promising aspects of AI in CDSS is its ability to aid in the early detection of mild cognitive disorders and dementia [2]. AI algorithms can analyse subtle patterns in patient data, such as changes in speech, memory lapses, and even minor alterations in routine behaviours that might elude even skilled clinicians. This early detection is critical , as it allows for the initiation of care plans and interventions at a stage where they can significantly slow the progression of the disease.

Personalised Care Plans
AI-driven CDSS can also personalise care and management plans for individuals [3] with cognitive disorders. By integrating data from various sources, including demographic and genetic information, lifestyle factors, and ongoing patient monitoring, AI can help healthcare providers adapt interventions that are most likely to benefit the patient. This personalised approach not only enhances the efficacy of treatments but also helps in optimising resource allocation within healthcare settings.

Enhancing Patient Engagement and Empowerment
For patients experiencing the early stages of cognitive decline, maintaining engagement with their healthcare process is essential. AI-enhanced CDSS can provide tools that keep patients engaged and compliant with their care plans [2]. These might include automated reminders for medication, appointments, cognitive exercises and educational materials, all tailored to fit the patient’s individual schedule and needs.

Supporting Caregivers
Caregivers of patients with mild cognitive disorders and dementia can also benefit from AI-driven CDSS [4]. These systems can provide caregivers with critical updates on the patient's condition, suggest adjustments to care plans based on real-time data, and offer support through supporting resources and coping strategies. This not only helps in managing the patient’s condition more effectively, but also lessens some of the stress associated with caregiving.

Ethical and Privacy Considerations
Implementing AI in the management of cognitive disorders involves navigating complex ethical and privacy issues. Ensuring the protection of sensitive patient data and addressing potential biases sin AI algorithms are crucial to building trust and efficacy in these advanced tools [5].

CAREPATH Project: A Case Study in Utilising CDSS in patients with MCI and mild dementia integrated care management platforms

The CAREPATH project [6] (carepath.care) exemplifies how new technologies, like machine learning, and integrated guidelines [7] can be integrated into healthcare systems to manage mild cognitive disorders and dementia effectively. This programme focuses on using these technologies to enhance CDSS by providing:

• Predictive Insights: Using machine learning algorithms and models to predict patient outcomes, enabling proactive management of conditions.
• Decision Support: Offering clinicians data-driven guidance to optimise care strategies and interventions.
• Patient-Centric Solutions: Ensuring that the technology addresses real-world needs, facilitating better patient outcomes through tailored care plans.

CAREPATH's approach illustrates the practical application of the new generation of CDSSs in healthcare, showcasing the benefits of these technologies in real-world settings. By focusing on patient-centric solutions, CAREPATH highlights the potential of AI to not only support clinical decisions but also to empower patients and caregivers through more informed, data-driven care strategies.

Conclusion
As AI technology continues to advance, its integration into CDSS offers a sign of hope for improving the detection and management of mild cognitive disorders and dementia. With its ability to enhance early detection, personalised care plans, support caregivers, and engage patients, AI stands as a key element in transforming the landscape of neurodegenerative disease management.